Patents and Publications

Photon Systems Patents

 

  • Spectroscopic instrument for quantitative calibration of surface concentration of contaminants, U.S. Patent No. 10,732,037,  August 4, 2020
  • Personal Exposure Monitor for quantitative detection of trace organic vapors, U.S. Patent No. 10,598,596,  Mar. 24, 2020
  • Standoff chemical biological detector, U.S. Patent No. 9,915,603, Mar. 13, 2018
  • Trace chemical detector for manufacturing, U.S. Patent No. 9,586,418, Feb. 14, 2017
  • Native fluorescence detection methods, devices, and systems for organic compounds, U.S. Patent No. 9,442,070, Sept. 13, 2016. (Handheld Trace Chemical Detector)
  • Native fluorescence detection methods and detectors for naphthalene and/or other volatile organic compound vapors, U.S. Patent No. 8,759,791, June 24, 2014.
  • Raman, fluorescence, and phosphorescence methods, U.S. Patent No. 8,395,770, Mar. 12, 2013.
  • Fused Raman & Fluorescence Methods, U.S. Patent No. 7,800,753, Sept. 21, 2010.
  • Electron Beam Pumped Semiconductor Laser, U.S. Patent No. 7,590,161, Sept. 15, 2009.
  • Spectroscopic Chemical Analysis Methods and Apparatus, U.S. Patent No. 7,525,653, April 28, 2009.
  • Sputtering Metal Ion Laser, U.S. Patent No. 6,693,944, February 17, 2004.
  • Extended Lifetime Frequency Conversion Crystals, U.S. Patent No. 6,532,100, Mar. 11, 2003.
  • Method for operating a laser light source, U.S. Patent No. 6,418,153, July 9, 2002.
  • Laser with absorption optimized pumping of a gain medium, U.S. Patent No. 6,347,101, Feb. 12, 2002.
  • Analytical Instrument Using a Sputtering Metal Ion Laser, U.S. Patent No. 6,287,869, Sept. 11, 2001.
  • Xenon Ceramic Lamp with Integrated Compound Reflectors, U.S. Patent No. 6,200,005, Mar.13, 2001..
  • Laser with Optimized Coupling of Pump Light to a Gain Medium in a Side-Pumped Geometry, Patent No. 6,157,663, December 5, 2000.

Photon Systems Publications

 

  • W.F. Hug, Q. Nguyen, M. Reid, K. Sijapati, and R.D. Reid, “Deep UV Raman & Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Real-Time In Situ Process Monitoring”, Paper No. 11390-2, Proc. SPIE Defense & Commercial Sensing, "Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies XIII", Vol. 11390, Anaheim, CA, April 29, 2020.
  • W.F. Hug and R.D. Reid, “Next Generation deep UV Lasers for Astrobiology Lander Instruments”, Paper No. 2553, Lunar Planetary Science Conference, Woodland, TX, March 16, 2020.
  • R.D. Reid, Q. Nguyen, M. Reid, K. Sijapati, and W.F. Hug, “Deep UV Raman and Fluorescence Control for Continuous Flow Manufacturing”, IFPAC Annual Meeting, Bethesda, MD, Feb. 26, 2020.
  • L. W. Beegle1, R. Bhartia1, L. DeFlores1, W. Abbey1, E. Miller1, Z. Bailey1, J. Razzell Hollis1, R. Pollack1, S. Asher2, A. Burton3, M. Fries3, P. Conrad14, S. Clegg5, K. S. Edgett6, B. Ehlmann7, W. Hug8, R. Reid8, L. Kah9, K. Nealson10, T. Nelson5, M. Minitti11, J. Popp12, F. Langenhorst12, C. Smith15, P. Sobron13, A. Steele14, N. Tarcea12, R. Wiens5, K. Williford 1, R. A. Yingst11. 1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena Ca, 91109 Luther.Beegle@jpl.nasa.gov),2University of Pittsburgh, 3Johnson Space Center, 4Goddard Space Flight Center, 5Los Alamos National Laboratory, 6Malin Space Sciences, 7California Institute of Technology,8Photon Systems Inc., 9University of Tennessee, 10University of Southern California, 11Planetary Science Institute, 12University Of Jena, 13SETI Institute, 14Carnegie Institute Washington, 15 Natural History Museum, London.   “The SHERLOC Investigation on the Mars 2020 Rover”, Lunar Planetary Science Conference, Woodland, TX, March 16, 2020.
  • Reid, R.D., Q. Nguyen, M. Reid, K. Sijapati, & W.F. Hug, “Deep UV Raman & fluorescence spectroscopy for in situ process analysis, Paper No. 680510, Online Analysis of Industrial Processes & Reactions, SciX/FACSS, Palm Springs, CA Oct. 16, 2019.
  • Hug, W.F., R. Reid, M. Reid, K. Nguyen, & Q. Nguyen, “Rapid Cleaning Verification & Quality Control Instrumentation for Pharma”, Advanced Technology Solutions in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing, Univ. Limerick, Ireland, August 29, 2019.
  • Hug, W.F., M.R. Reid, Q. Nguyen, R. Bhartia, and R.D. Reid, “A new, hand-held, 1 to 5 m standoff analyzer for real-time detection of trace chemical, biological, and explosives substances on surfaces”, SPIE Defense & Commercial Sensing, Proc. SPIE Defense & Commercial Sensing, Vol. 11010, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XX, 110100L, May 15, 2019.
  • Bhartia, R., L.W. Beegle, J. Hollis, B. Cameron, B. Monacelli, D.A. Nordman, E. Eshelman, A. Abbey, Y. Wu, R. Hodyss, L. DeFlores, W. Hug, R. Reid, R. Weins, and T. Nelson, “SHERLOC-E: Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics & Chemicals for Europa Lander”, Instr. f. Planetary Missions (IPM2018), Berlin, Germany, Sept. 12-14, 2018.
  • Hug, W.F., R. Bhartia, K. Sijapati, Q. Nguyen, P. Oswal, & R.D. Reid, “Optical detection and classification of microbes in suspicious powders”, Proc. SPIE Defense & Commercial Sensing, Vol. 10629, No. 18, April 16, 2018.
  • Abbey, W.J., R. Bhartia, L. Beegle, L. DeFlores, V. Paez, K. Sijapati, S. Sijapati, K. Williford, M. Tuite, W. Hug, and R. Reid, “Deep UV Raman spectroscopy for planetary explorations: The search for in situ organics”, Icarus 290 (2017) 201-214.
  • Hug, W.F., R.D. Reid, Q. Nguyen, P. Oswal, R. Bhartia, and K. Sijapati, “A new, hand-held, in situ, sensor for real-time, reagentless, standoff detection of chemical, biological, and explosive substances on surfaces”, Annual Chemical & Biological Defense Science & Technology (CBD S&T) Conference 2017, Long Beach, CA, Nov. 29, 2017.
  • Reid, M. R., R.D. Reid, P. Oswal, R. Bhartia, K. Sullivan, and W.F. Hug, “NaDos: a real-time, wearable, personal-exposure-monitor (PEM) for hazardous organic vapors”, Sensors & Actuators B. Elsevier, Dec. 2016.
  • Bhartia, R., K. Williford, R. Reid, W. Hug, K. Sijapati, V. Paez, L. DeFlores, M. Tuite, S. Sijapati, L. Beegle, and W. Abbey, “Deep UV Raman Spectroscopy for Planetary Exploration: The Search for In-Situ Organics”, Icarus, Elsevier, Dec. 2016
  • Beegle, L.W., R. Bhartia, L. DeFlores, E. Miller, R. Pollack, W. Abbey, S. Asher, A. Burton, B. Carrier, M. Fries, P. Conrad, S. Clegg, K.S. Edgett, B. Ehlmann, W. Hug, R. Reid, L. Kah, K. Nealson, T. Nelson, M. Minitti, J. Popp, F. Langenhorst, V. Orphan, M.A. Ravine, P. Sobron, A. Steele, N. Tarcean, G. Wanger, R. Weins, K. Willingord, R.A. Yingst, “Characterization and Development of the SHERLOC Instrument for Mars 2020”, 2015 American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA, 15 Dec. 2015.
  • Salas, E. C., R. Bhartia, L. Anderson, W.F. Hug, R.D. Reid, G. Iturrino, & K.J. Edwards, “In situ detection of microbial life in the deep biosphere in igneous ocean crust”, Frontiers in Microbiology- Extreme Microbiology. 15 November 2015.
  • Bhartia, R., W.F. Hug, R.D. Reid, and L.W. Beegle, “Explosives detection and analysis by fusing deep ultraviolet native fluorescence and resonance Raman spectroscopy”, Chapter 4 of book “Laser-Based Optical Detection of Explosives”, Ed. P.M. Pellegrino, E.L. Holthoff, and M. E. Farrell, CRC Press. ISBN 13:978-1-4822-3328-5, 2015.
  • Hug, W.F., R. Bhartia, R.D. Reid, L. Beegle, and L. DeFlores, “Miniature deep UV Raman and fluorescence instruments for trace chemical and biological detection”, Pittcon 2015, New Orleans, Mar. 9, 2015.
  • Hug, W.F., Bhartia, R., K. Sijapati, L.W. Beegle, and R.D. Reid, "Improved sensing using simultaneous deep UV Raman and fluorescence detection-II", SPIE Security & Defense, Vol. 9073, No. 20, May 7, 2014
  • Beegle, L.W., et.al. “SHERLOC: Scanning habitable environments with Raman and luminescence for organics and chemicals”, 45th Lunar & Planetary Science Conference, p. 2835, Houston, TX, 2014
  • Bearman, G., E. Doehne, L. Beegle, W. Hug, R. Reid, and R. Bhartia, “Remote detection of biofilms on stone”, Annual Built Heritage Conference 2013, paper 172, Milan, Italy.
  • Hug, W.F., R. Bhartia, E. Salas, K. Sijapati, and R.D. Reid, “Trace Detection of Organics and Microbes Using Fused Deep UV Raman & Native Fluorescence Spectroscopy”, Invited Paper in the UV Raman/UV SERS Symposium, SCIX/Federation of Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy Societies Conference, Kansas City, KS, Oct. 2012
  • Salas, E.C., R. Bhartia, W. Hug, R. Reid, K. Sijapati, Q. Nguyen, P. Oswal, and K. Sullivan,
    Smoke and Mirrors: Deep UV-based methods for the non-contact detection of trace organics and life”, Gordon Research Conf. Sept. 12, 2012
  • Bhartia, R., W.F. Hug, L.P. DeFlores, M.D. Fries, R.D. Reid, A. Allwood, W. Abbey, E.C. Salas, and L. Beegle, “Finding the Organics: A Compact Non-Contact, Non-Invasive Trace Organic and Mineralogical Mapping Arm Instrument”, Lunar Planetary Institute, Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration June 2012.
  • Hug, W.F., R. Bhartia, R.D. Reid, M.R. Reid, P. Oswal, A.L. Lane, K. Sijapati, K. Sullivan, J.E. Hulla, J. Snawder, and S.P. Proctor, "Wearable real-time direct reading naphthalene and VOC personal exposure monitor", SPIE Security & Defense, Vol. 8366, No. 5, April 26, 2012.
  • Bhartia, R., W.F. Hug, R. Reid, and E. Salas, “Non-contact, reagentless, nondestructive detection of organics, biosignatures, and water”, SPIE May 2012.
  • Bhartia, R., W. F. Hug, and R.D. Reid, "Improved sensing using simultaneous deep UV Raman and fluorescence detection", SPIE Security & Defense, Vol. 8358, No. 46, April 26, 2012.
  • Hug, W.F., R. Bhartia, R. D. Reid, A. Tripathi, S. Christesen, A. W. Fountain, Q. Nguyen, and A.L. Lane, "Low energy standoff detection using combined Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy in the deep UV", invited paper, Symposium on Advances in Raman Spectroscopy, Pittcon, Orlando, FL., March 2012.
  • Bhartia, R., E.C. Salas, W. Hug, R. Reid, , A.L. Lane, K.H. Nealson, “Deep UV Native fluorescence characterization of microbes” in –Preparation (Feb 2012).
  • Salas, E., R. Bhartia, R. Reid, W. Hug, Q. Nguyen, P. Oswal, K. Sullivan, and K.J. Edwards, “Probing in the Dark: preliminary results from the dark energy biosphere investigative tool (DEBI-T), IODP 336, AGU Fall Meeting, Dec. 2011.
  • Stam, C., A. Neal, S. Park, R. Mielke, A. Tsapin, R. Bhartia, E. Salas, W. Hug, A. Behar, and J Nadeau, “Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm and chemical structures of pre-production resin pellets”, AGU Fall Meeting, Dec. 2011.
  • Mielke, R, A. Neal, C. Stam, J. Ferry, R. Schlegel, A. Tsapin, S. Park, R. Bhartia, E. Salas, W. Hug, A. Behar, and J. Nadeau, “The Lone Ranger Mission: Understanding Synthetic Polymer Microbe Interactions in the Atlantic Ocean”, AGU Fall Meeting, Dec. 2011.
  • Hug, W.F., R.D. Reid, R. Bhartia, and A.L. Lane, "Status of fully integrated handheld deep UV Raman and fluorescence sensor for short range standoff detection", poster paper, Federation of Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy Societies Conference, Louisville, KY, Oct. 2011.
  • Zhang, W., A. Nikiforov, C. Thomidis, A.Moldawer, H.Sun, W.Hug, T.Moustakas, "Growth and characterization of deep ultraviolet emitting AlGaN structures on SiC substrates". Paper JTuD3, Joint Symposium on Semiconductor Ultraviolet LEDs and Lasers: Semiconductor Mid-UV LEDs and Lasers, CLEO, Baltimore, MD, 2 May 2011.
  • Garrett, G.A., P.Rotella, H.Shen, M. Wraback, A.Bhattacharyya, T.Moustakas, W.Hug. "Time-resolved photoluminescence studies of Mid-UV AlGaN multiple quantum wells grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy reveal improved internal quantum efficiencies with increased carrier ocalization related to chemical ordering" Paper CTuU3, Joint Symposium on Semiconductor Ultraviolet LEDs and Lasers: Semiconductor Mid-UV LEDs and Lasers, CLEO, Baltimore, MD, 2 May 2011.
  • F. Hug, R.D. Reid, R. Bhartia, R. DeFreez, E. Salas, K. Nealson, and T. Moustakas, "Deep UV Sources & Sensors: What's Down There and How to Get It", 4th National Bio-Threat Conference, Invited Speaker, New Orleans, LA, Dec. 9, 2010.
  • Bhartia,R., E.C. Salas, W.F. Hug, R.D. Reid, A.L. Lane, K.J. Edwards, and K.J. Nealson, “Label-free bacterial imaging with deep UV laser induced native fluorescence”, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 76, No. 21, pp. 7231-7237, Nov. 2010.
  • Garrett, G.A. H. Shen, M. Wraback, A. Bhattacharyya, T.D. Moustakas, & W. F. Hug, "Time resolved photoluminescence studies of deep ultraviolet emitting AlGaN quantum wells of varying internal quantum efficiency", International Workshop on Nitrides, Tampa, FL, Sept. 19-24, 2010.
  • Hug, W.F., R.D. Reid, and R. DeFreez, "A miniature deep UV laser source for on-the-fly Raman and fluorescence particle analysis", Dept. of Homeland Security Annual Science & Technology Conference, Arlington, VA, Aug. 8, 2010.
  • DeFreez, R, W.F.Hug, R.D.Reid, and R. Bhartia, “New deep-ultraviolet sources for detecting biological threats”, SPIE Newsroom, 10.1117/2.1201001.002570, Feb. 2010.
  • Hug, W.F., R. Reid, R. Bhartia, and A.L. Lane, “Status of a Small Robot-Mounted or Hand-Held, Solar-Blind, Standoff Chemical, Biological, and Explosives Sensor”, 36th Annual Conference of the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies, Louisville, KY, October 20, 2009.
  • Moustakas, T.D., A. Bhattacharyya, L. Zhou, D. Smith, and W. F. Hug, “AlGaN quantum wells emitting below 250 nm with internal quantum efficiency as high as 50%”, Paper P_1687, 8th Conf. on Nitride Semiconductors, Jeju Island, Korea, 18 Oct. 2009.
  • Bhartia, R., E.C. Salas, W.F. Hug, R.D. Reid, and K.H. Nealson, “Label-Free Multi-Scalar Imaging of Bacterial Cells on Surfaces with Deep UV Laser Induced Native Fluorescence”, Gordon Conference on Applied & Environmental Microbiology – From Single Cells to the Environment, July 12-15, 2009.
  • Hug, W.F., R.D. Reid, R. DeFreez, R. Bhartia, & A.L. Lane, “A Deep UV Raman On-The-Fly Particle Analyzer”, 2009 Scientific Conference on Obscuration and Aerosol Research (SCOAR), Battelle Eastern Science & Technology Center, Aberdeen, MD, 23 June 2009.
  • Bhattacharyya, A., T.D. Moustakas, L. Zhou, D.R. Smith, and W.F. Hug, “Deep UV Emitting AlGaN Quantum Wells with High Internal Quantum Efficiency”, Phys. Lett. Vol.94, Issue 18, 5 May 2009.
  • Hug, W.F., R.D. Reid, R. Bhartia, and A.L. Lane, “Use of UV Sources for Detection and Identification of Explosives”, NASA Tech Briefs, April 2009.
  • Hug, W. F., R.D. Reid, R. Bhartia, and A.L. Lane, “Performance Status of a Small Robot-Mounted or Hand-Held Solar Blind Standoff Chemical, Biological and Explosives Sensor”, SPIE Security & Defense, Vol. 7304, No. 36, April 15, 2009.
  • Tsapin, A. & W.F. Hug, “Capillary Electrophoresis Stop-Flow Raman System with Excitatioin at 248.6 nm”, Conference on Micro-Raman Spectroscopy and Luminescence Studies in Earth and Planetary Sciences. Max Planck Inst. F. Chemie. Mainz, Germany. April 2-4, 2009.
  • Bhartia, R., W.F. Hug, E. Salas, R.D, Reid, K. Sijapati, A.L. Lane, and K.H. Nealson, “Chemical Imaging: Deep UV Laser Induced Native Fluorescence and Resonance Raman”, Pittcon, Chicago, IL., March 12, 2009.
  • Hug, W.F., R. DeFreez, R. Reid, R. Beckius, R. Bhartia, and A.L. Lane, “Deep UV sources for Raman & fluorescence based chem/bio/explosives sensors” Invited talk, DHS S&T Annual Conference, Houston, TX. Jan. 27, 2009.
  • Bhartia, R., W. F. Hug, R. D. Reid, E. Salas, A.L. Lane, and W. Grundfest, “A new approach to rapid, reagentless, bacterial detection and classification” poster paper, DHS S&T Annual Conference, Houston, TX, Jan. 26, 2009.
  • Hug, W.F., R. Bhartia, R. D. Reid, and A. L. Lane, “Miniature hand-held standoff sensor for trace CBE detection and classification”, poster paper, DHS S&T Annual Conference, Houston, TX, Jan. 26, 2009.
  • Bhartia, R., F. Hug, E. Salas, R. Reid, K. Sijapati, A. Tsapin, W. Abbey, P. Conrad, K.Nealson, and A. Lane. “Classification of organic and biological materials with deep UV excitation”. Applied Spectroscopy, Vol. 62, NO. 10, October 2008.
  • Bhartia, R., W.F. Hug, A. Lane, R. Reid, and K. Nealson, “Characterization of microbes using deep UV native fluorescence”, Geophysical Society of America, October 8, 2008.
  • Bhartia, R., F. Hug, R.D. Reid, E.C. Salas, K. Nealson, and A.L. Lane, “Deep UV native fluorescence and resonance Raman spectroscopy for life detection”, Goldschmidt Conference, Vancouver, BC., July 18, 2008.
  • Bhartia, R., F. Hug, and R. D. Reid, “Instant bioload assay sensor” Astrobiology Science Conference, San Francisco, CA. April 13, 2008.
  • Hug, W.F., R.D. Reid, R. Bhartia, and A.L. Lane, “A new miniature, hand-held, solar-blind, reagentless standoff chemical, biological, and explosives (CBE) sensor”, Proc. SPIE/Security & Defense, Vol. 6954, No.17, Orlando, FL., March 19, 2008.
  • Hug, W.F., R.D. Reid, R. Bhartia, R. Kidd, S. Feldman, A. Tsapin, N. Garnier, & B. DeVandiere, “Label-free native fluorescence detection results for CE, CapLC, and slab-gel electrophoretic separation devices”, paper 2590-3, Pittcon, New Orleans, LA, March 6, 2008.
  • Hug, W. F., R.D.Reid, R. Bhartia, & A.L.Lane, “Miniature, hand-held, close range, solar-blind, standoff explosives and biological materials sensor” paper 460-2, Pittcon, New Orleans, LA, March 3, 2008.
  • Lane, A.L., A. Behar, R. Bhartia, P.G. Conrad, and F. Hug, “An In-Situ Deep-UV Optical Probe for Examining Biochemical Presence in Deep Glaciers and Sub-Glacial Lakes”, 2007 Americal Geophysical Union Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, Dec. 12, 2007.
  • Lane, A.L., R. Bhartia, A.E. Behar, P.G.Conrad, & F. Hug, “In Situ Examination of Ice Stratrigraphy and Organic Material in the Lake Vostok Borehole”, 2007 American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, Dec. 11, 2007.
  • Hug, W.F., R. Reid, R. Bhartia, and A.Lane, “Low Power Deep UV Raman Spectroscopy”. Oral presentation at the Annual meeting of the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies (FACSS), Memphis, TN., Oct. 17, 2007.
  • Hug, W.F., R. Bhartia, R. Kidd, R.Reid, K. Sijapati, S. Feldman, A. Tsapin, B. DeVandiere, N. Garnier, and R. Moerschell, “Deep UV Laser Induced Native & Dye Tagged Fluorescence Detectors for Separation Systems (CE, MCE, Slab-Gel E, Cap-LC, & HPLC)”. Oral presentation at the Annual meeting of the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies (FACSS), Memphis, TN. 16, 2007.
  • Bhartia, R., F. Hug, A.L. Lane, P.G. Conrad, and R.D. Reid, “Detection band minimization for molecular differentiability using deep UV laser induced native fluorescence”, Poster paper, annual meeting of Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies (FACSS), Memphis, TN, Oct. 16, 2007.
  • Hug, W.F., R.D. Reid, R.Bhartia, and A.L. Lane, “Status of Deep UV Lasers for UV Resonance Raman and Native Fluorescence CBE Sensors”, Invited Speaker, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, PhAST 2, May 10, 2007.
  • Jacoby, Mitch, “Moving Raman to the UV Range”, a cover story by M. Jacoby featuring F. Hug & S. Asher. Chemical & Engineering News, Vol. 85, No. 12, pp.59-60, March 18, 2007.
  • Kwok, K, J.W. Carnahan, F. Hug, and R.D. Reid, “The feasibility of using UV acousto-optic tunable filters for Raman spectroscopy”, Raman & Resonance Raman, 2280-8, Pittcon, March 1, 2007.
  • Hug, W. F., R.D. Reid, R. Bhartia, and A.L. Lane, “Status of Deep UV Lasers for UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy”, Invited Speaker, V Resonance Raman Spectroscopy Symposium, 920-5, Pittcon, Feb. 27, 2007.
  • Bhattacharyya, A., R. Chandresekaran, T.D. Moustakas, and W.F. Hug, “MBE growth of III-Nitride based deep UV emitters on A-plane sapphire substrates”, MRS Fall Meeting, Boston, MA. Nov. 2006.
  • Hug, R. Bhartia, A. Tsapin, A. Lane, P. Conrad, K. Sijapati, and R. D. Reid, “Water & surface contamination monitoring using deep UV laser induced native fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy”, Proc. SPIE, Vol. 6378, Boston, MA. Oct. 2006.
  • Tsapin, A., F. Hug, R. Bhartia, and R. Reid, “A self-contained native fluorescence detector for measurement or organic molecules and chemicals of life”, Proc. SPIE, Stockholm, Sweden, Sept. 2006.
  • Lane, A., F. Hug, R. Bhartia, R. Reid, and P. Conrad, “Detection and Classification of Microbes in the Deep Ocean, Antarctica, and on Mars”, Invited Seminar Lecture, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, June 7, 2006.
  • Hug, W.F., R. Bhartia, R. Reid, A. Tsapin, A. Lane, and P. Conrad, “Ultra-sensitive reagentless water contamination sensors using deep UV laser induced native fluorescence and resonance Raman spectroscopy”, 2006 International Symposium of Spectral Sensing Research, Bar Harbor, ME. 29 May – 2 June, 2006.
  • Bhartia, R. F. Hug, A. Lane, A. Tsapin, R. Reid, and P. Conrad, “Biochemical detection and identification false alarm rate dependence on wavelength using laser induced native fluorescence”, Proc. SPIE, Vol. 6218, 62180J-1, Kissimmee, FL., Apr. 18-20, 2006.
  • Bhartia, R.,E.C. Salas, F. Hug, K. Sijapati, A. Tsapin, A. Lane, R. Reid, and P. Conrad, “Native Fluorescence Spectroscopy: Wavelength Dependence in Differentiating Organic and Biological Compounds and Environmental Backgrounds”, Pittsburgh Conference 2006, Orlando, FL., March 13-17, 2006.
  • Hug, W.F., R. Bhartia, A. Tsapin, A.L. Lane, P. G. Conrad, K. Sijapati, and R.D. Reid, “Status of miniature integrated UV resonance fluorescence and Raman sensors for detection and identification of biochemical warfare agents”, Proc. SPIE, Vol. 5994, Boston, MA., Oct. 22-26, 2005.
  • Hug, W.F., Bhartia, A. Tsapin, A.L. Lane, P. G. Conrad, K. Sijapati, and R.D. Reid, “Status of miniature integrated UV resonance fluorescence and Raman sensors for detection and identification of biochemical warfare agents”, SPIE Optics East, Boston, MA. Oct. 22-26, 2005.
  • Carnahan, K. Kwok, W. Hug, and R.Reid, “UV Raman Spectroscopy with Acousto-Optic Tunable Filters”, 32st Annual Conference of the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies, Quebec City, Canada, Oct. 9-13, 2005.
  • Hug, W.F., R.D. Reid, R. Bhartia, and T. Moustakas, “Ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy for biological micro-sensing using ESUVOS”, Solid State UV Technology, ed. J. C. Carrano and M.S. Shur, Int. J. High Speed Electronics and Systems, to be published.
  • G.Conrad, A.L. Lane, R. Bhartia, and W.F. Hug, “Optical Detection of Organic Molecules in Extreme Environments”, 15th Annual Goldschmidt Conf., Moscow, ID, 20-25 May, 2005.
  • Kwok, W. Carnahan, W. F. Hug, “Development of a UV Raman Spectrometer with Acousto-Optic Tunable Filters”, Paper 1700-7, Pittcon 2005, Orlando, FL., March 3, 2005.
  • Hug, W.F.,D. Reid, R. Bhartia, “Miniature Integrated UV Resonance Fluorescence and Raman Sensor for Detection and Identification of Biochemical Warfare Agents”, Invited Paper and Program Committee, SPIE European Symposium in Security & Defense, London, UK, 25-28 October 2004.
  • Hug, W.F., R.D. Reid, P.G. Conrad, A. L. Lane, and R. Bhartia, “Portable Integrated UV Resonance Fluorescence and Raman Chemical Sensor for in situ, Autonomous, Detection”, 31st Annual Conference of the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies, Portland, OR., Oct. 3-7, 2004.
  • Hug, W.F., William F. Hug, D. Reid, A Bhattacharyya, T. D. Moustakas, R. Treece, J. R. Smith and J. I. Pankove, “Status of Deep UV Semiconductor Sources for Laser Induced Native Fluorescence and Resonance Raman Spectroscopy” ”, Invited Paper, 31st Annual Conference of the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies, Portland, OR., Oct. 3-7, 2004.
  • Hug, W.F.,Reid, P.Conrad, A.Lane, and R. Bhartia, “Detection and Classification of Organic Molecules and Microorganisms in the Deep Ocean and on Mars”, Invited presentation, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, MA, May 11, 2004.
  • Lane, A.L., P.G.Conrad, F.D.Carsey, R.Bhartia, and F. Hug, “An In Situ Method for Detecting Organic Chemicals in Deep Ice Environments”, Astrobiology Science Conference 2004, Mt. View, CA, March 2004.
  • Bhartia, R., McDonald, G.D., Salas E.C., Hug W., Reid R., Conrad P., “Determination of Aromatic Ring Number using Multi-Channel Deep UV Native Fluorescence”, Lunar Planetary Science Conference XXXV, #2045, 2004.
  • Conrad P. G., Lane A. L., Bhartia , Hug W. H., “Optical Detection of Organic Chemical Biosignatures at Hydrothermal Vents”, Lunar Planetary Science Conference XXXV, #2055, 2004.
  • Bhartia, R., McDonald, G.D., Salas, E.C., Hug, W., Reid, R., Conrad, P.G., “A Model to Differentiate Organic Compounds Based on UV Fluorescence Spectroscopy” Intl. J. Astrobiology, Suppl. 1, 115-116, (2004).
  • Hug, W.F., et.al., “Deep UV Laser Diode for UV Resonance Enhanced Raman Identification of Biological Agents”, DARPA SUVOS PI Review Meeting, Austin, TX, Nov. 17-20, 2003.
  • Conrad, P.G, A. L. Lane, F. Hug, R. Bhartia, “Optical Detection of Organic Chemicals Associated with Hydrothermal Vents”, Ridge2000, Boulder, CO., Nov. 6, 2003.
  • Bhattacharyya, A., T. Chen, T. Moustakas, R. Treece, J. Smith, J. Pankove and Hug, “Deep UV stimulated emission of electron-beam pumping of bulk AlGaN alloys”, 8th Wide-Bandgap III-Nitride Workshop, Topic 11, Richmond, VA., Sept.29-Oct.1, 2003.
  • Hug, W.F., R. Treece, J. Smith, A. Bhattacharyya, T. Moustakas, J. Pankove, J. Shaw and R. Reid, “Deep UV Laser Diode for UV Resonance Enhanced Raman Identification of Biological Agents”, IEEE/LEOS Semiconductor Laser Workshop, CLEO Conference, Baltimore, MD, June 6, 2003.
  • Hug, W.F., Reid, “Deep UV Semiconductor Radiation Source for In Situ Astrobiology Exploration”, and “Mars In Situ Biological/Mineral Native Fluorescence Microscope with Co-Registered UV/Vis Spectrometer”, Life Detection: Mars and Beyond Workshop, Phoenix, AZ, March 10-11, 2003.
  • Tsapin, A., G. McDonald, W. Abbey, R. Bhartia. Hug, R. Reid, “Fluorescence and amino acids measurements in water column of Antarctic subglacial lakes”. Astrobiology, Vol. 2, No. 4, p. 632, 2002.
  • Hug, W.F.,D. Reid, R.Bhartia, M.C. Storrie-Lombardi, A. Tsapin, and A.L. Lane, “Deep UV Laser Induced Native Fluorescence Detector for Organic Detection and Classification”, 29th Annual Conference of the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies, Providence, RI, Oct. 13-17, 2002.
  • Storrie-Lombardi, M. C., F. Hug, G. D. McDonald, A. I. Tsapin, and K. H. Nealson. “Hollow cathode ion laser for deep ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence imaging”. Rev. Sci. Instruments, Vol. 72, No.12, pp.4452-4459, Dec. 2001.
  • Hug, W.F.,D. Reid, M.C. Storrie-Lombardi, R. Bhartia, “Development Status of Compact Deep UV Lasers for UV Raman Spectroscopy”, Invited Paper, 28th Annual Conference of the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies, Detroit, MI, October 7-12, 2001.
  • Storrie-Lombardi, M.C., H. Sun, G.D. McDonald, S. Douglas, R. Bhartia, F. Hug, K.H. Nealson, “Investigations of Antarctic Cryptoendolithic Communities by Ultraviolet Natural Fluorescence”, 101st General Meeting, American Society for Microbiology, Orlando, FL, May 19-24, 2001.
  • Storrie-Lombardi, M.C., S. Douglas, H. Sun, G.D. McDonald, R. Bhartia, F. Hug, K.H. Nealson, “Deep UV Native Fluorescence Imaging of Antarctic Cryptoendolithic Communities”, 2nd National Astrobiology Institute Conference, Washington, D.C., March 10-13, 2001.
  • H. Nealson, M. Storrie-Lombardi, G. McDonald, A. Tsapin, H. Sun, G. Rossman, W. Nelson, and W. Hug, “Ultraviolet Resonance Raman Spectroscopy in Astrobiology”, Annual Report of Investigations Carried Out Under DRDF, Task 848, p.3.   Jan. 31, 2001.
  • Sparrow, M.C., S.A. Asher, J.F. Jackovitz, C.H. Munro, and F. Hug, “Development of a New 224nm Hollow Cathode Laser – UV Raman Spectrometer for Protein and Peptide Studies”, Paper 1283, Annual Pittsburgh Conference, New Orleans, March 5, 2001.
  • Sparrow, M.C., J.F. Jackovitz, C.H. Munro, F. Hug, and S.A. Asher, “A New 224nm Hollow Cathode UV Laser Raman Spectrometer”, J. App. Spectroscopy, Vol. 55, No. 1, Jan 2001.
  • Hug, W. F., Reid, R. Bhartia, M.C. Storrie-Lombardi, “A Miniature Deep UV Raman Microscope with Fluorescence Imaging”, Invited Paper, Pacifichem 2000, Honolulu, HI, Dec.15, 2000.
  • Storrie-Lombardi, MC, Hug, W.F, McDonald G.D., Tsapin, A., Venkataeswara, K., Bhartia, R., and Nealson, KH, “Multi-Wavelength UV Raman Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Imaging for In Situ Exploration, Planetary Protection, and Astronaut Safety”, NASA-Ames First Annual Astrobiology Workshop, Moffett Field, CA, April 4-6, 2000.
  • Hug, W.F., Reid, M.C. Storrie-Lombardi, “Performance Characteristics of a New laser for UV Raman Spectroscopy”, Invited Paper, 51st Annual Pittsburgh Conference, New Orleans, March 13, 2000.
  • Hug, W.F., Reid, R., “New UV Laser Technology for UV Raman Spectroscopy”, 26th Annual Conference of the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies, Vancouver, B.C., October 25, 1999.
  • Hug, W.F., Reid, R., Storrie-Lombardi, M.C., “A Portable Deep UV Raman Microspectrometer for Forensic Applications”, 15th Triennial Meeting, International Association of Forensic Sciences, Los Angeles, CA., August 28, 1999.
  • Hug, W.F., Reid, R and Storrie-Lombardi, MC, (1999), “In-Situ Detection of Nucleic and Amino Acids”, 50th Annual Pittcon, Orlando, FL. March 7, 8, 1999. Poster Session, New Development in Analytical Instrumentation and Software.
  • Hug, W.F. & Reid, “In Situ Bacterial Detection and Sterilization Techniques for Spacecraft Surfaces”, Planetary Protection Workshop, Sponsored by NASA/JPL, Oral Presentation by W. Hug, Photon Systems, Hilton Hotel, Pasadena, CA, Dec. 8, 1998.

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